It was denounced by the opposition/ What is the phenomenon known as the "Bulgarian train" and how is the vote manipulated?

Yesterday in Tirana, during the vote counting in CEAZ 40, a phenomenon of vote manipulation known as the "Bulgarian train" was denounced by opposition representatives.

This method, reportedly dating back decades and used in various Eastern European countries, can be used to control and manipulate hundreds of thousands of votes on a single voting day, election experts say.

So how does the phenomenon called "Bulgarian Train" work?

1. The organizer of the scheme, outside the polling station, has a ballot paper previously obtained illegally or forged. This ballot paper is filled out according to the organizer's interests and handed over to a recruited voter.

2. The voter enters the voting center with the completed ballot paper from the outside, while officially receiving his or her blank ballot paper from the commission.

3. In the secret room, he hides the clean official sheet and puts the one given to him from outside into the box. He hands the unused sheet outside to the organizer.

4. This official, unused ballot is filled out again and given to the next voter – continuing the cycle uninterrupted.

5. The effectiveness of the scheme lies in the almost complete control that the organizer has over the vote, as the voter is not paid unless he or she submits a clean ballot for reuse.

Experts warn that this complex but systematic method is very dangerous for the integrity of the electoral process, as the manipulation begins and ends with just a single illegally obtained ballot paper. If several such ballot papers are used in different areas, the manipulative effect can encompass the entire country.

The political leader of the Democratic Party for the Tirana region, Belind Këlliçi, said yesterday that this method was used in the VC in the capital. But despite his claims, the CEAZ decided that ballots folded in the same way and with a different color from the others would be considered valid.

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